These Bodhisattvas are: Avalokitesvara (the Lord who Looks Down), also called Padmapani (the Lotus –Bearer) on right and Vajrapani on left. Vajrapani is considered the foe of evil and sin in Buddhism. Both the figures are surrounded by attendants.
The Khambhalida caves were discovered by famous archeologist P. P. Pandya way back in 1958.
Attractions of the diminutive state of Goa lie not solely in its natural aspects. In addition to the stunning beaches, the state offers attractions that are a magnet for history buffs. Fort Aguada in the sate is one such monument that entices tourists and history lovers alike.
18 km from Goan capital of Panaji, Fort Aguada offers evocative glimpses of the past. Spectacular views can be enjoyed from the fort. Situated on Sinquerim beach, the Aguada fort was built in the early 17th century by the Portuguese power in India to safeguard their dominions against the foreign invasions.
Portuguese were the common enemy of the English and the Dutch when the last two entered the East.
Portugal was the first European power to establish factories and trading settlements in India in the early 16th century. Portuguese were followed by Dutch, British, Danes and French.
The Aguada fort in North Goa takes its name from ‘agua’ meaning ‘watering place” in Portuguese.
Founded by Govindaraja IV (son of Prithviraja III) in 1194, Chahamanas (Chauhans) of Ranastambhapura (Ranthambore) was an Indian dynasty. Govindaraja was succeeded by his son Valhana. Valhana's son and successor was Prahlada who died of injuries sustained in a lion hunt.
Vira Narayan was the next ruler who was poisoned to death by Slave sultan Iltutmish. After Vira Narayan, Balhana's younger son Vagabhata ascended the throne. He recaptured Ranthambore during the reign of the Delhi ruler Razia, daughter of Iltutmish. Vagabhata successfully defended the fort against the Delhi Sultanate's invasions in 1248 and 1253 CE dung the reign of Nasiruddin Mahmud who later on became Sultan Balban in Delhi. Vagabhata has been described as a powerful king in Tabaqat-i-Nasiri by Minhaj-us-Siraj.
Vagabhata was succeeded by his son Jaitrasimha who ruled for 32 years till 1282. After Jaitrasimha Hammira ascended the throne. Hammira was the last and most famous of the Chauhans of Ranthambhor, who was defeated and killed in 1301 in a siege of his capital Ranthambhor by Khilji Sultan Alauddin Khilji (reigned 1296 – 1316).
One of the latest famous important works of Sanskrit literature, Hammira Mahakavya is an epic poem written in 15th-century by a Jain monk Nayachandra Suri. The poem deals with the life of Hammira, the last and most famous of the Chauhans of Ranthambhor, who was defeated and killed in 1301 in a siege of his capital Ranthambhor by Khilji Sultan Alauddin Khilji (reigned 1296 – 1316).
Nayachandra extols Hammira for his generosity to Brahmanas and respect for all schools of Indian philosophy including Jainism. According to the text, he was a patron of the poet Bijaditya.
Gita Govinda (Song of the Cowherd) is a Sanskrit poem written by the 12th century Bengali poet Jayadeva who adorned the court of Lakshman Sena of Sena Dynasty. Divided into 12 sections, Gita Govinda is a series of dramatic lyrics intended for singing, and describes the love of Krishna for Radha and milkmaids. The poem is still sung at the festivals of the Bengali Vaisnavite sects. Its singing is especially prominent at an annual spring fair in the village of Kenduli in West Bengal's Birbhum dıstrict. According to one school of thought, Kenduli in West Bengal is identified as the birthplace of Jayadeva.
Gita Govinda begins with an invocation to the ten incarnations of Vishnu. As a matter of fact, the poem contains one of the earliest lists of incarnations of Vishnu. According to Gita Govinda, Vishnu became Buddha out of compassion for animals in order to put an end to bloody sacrifice.
By the fifteenth century, the Gitagovinda was sufficiently popular in Puri to be incorporated into the ritual of the Jagannatha temple. An inscription located on the left side of the Jayavijaya doorway, written in Oriya language and script and dated A.D. 1499, prescribes the performance of the Gitagovinda in the temple.
Gita Govinda was translated into English by Orientalist Sir William Jones in 1792 and was published in the Transactions of the Asiatic Society in Calcutta. The poem has also been translated into many Indian languages and many other modern European languages.
Q.1. Salimgarh Fort, lying adjacent to the Red Fort in Delhi, was built by
(A) Jahangir
(B) Shah Jahan
(C) Islam Shah Suri
(D) Bahadur Shah Zafar
Answer
(C)
Jalal Khan who ascended the throne with the title of Islam Shah after the death of Sher Shah Suri, the founder of Sur dynasty. Islam Shah is more popularly known as Salim Shah. The fort he built in Delhi is also known as Salimgarh Fort, lying adjacent to the Red Fort.
Before India got Independence from the British Rule, prisoners from the Indian National Army (INA) were also imprisoned in this fort from 1945 until India's independence in August 1947. Hence, Salimghar Fort is now renamed as Swatantrata Senani Smarak in memory of the prisoners who died in this fort prison.
Anantadeva Varma or Anantavarman Chodagangadeva was an Odia emperor of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty. He was the son of Eastern Ganga ruler Rajaraja I and Rajasundari, the grand daughter of illustrious Chola emperor Rajendra Chola (ruled 1014–1044) and daughter of Virarajendra Chola who ruled from 1065 to 1070.
Anantavarman Chodagangadeva was so called because he was the son of Rajaraja I (a Ganga ruler) and Rajasundari (a Chola princess). Anantavarman Chodagangadeva is known for starting the construction of famed Jagannatha Temple at Puri. He ruled for 72 years from 17 February 1078 to 1150.
In 2024 Anantavarman's inscriptions were found in Jami village of Vizianagaram district in Andhra Pradesh. Written in both Sanskrit and Telugu these inscriptions were preserved in the premises of Venugopala Swamy, Triuparantaka Swamy and Janardana Swamy temples of Jami, which is 20 km away from Vizianagaram.
Situated in the town of Patan in Gujarat, Rani Ki Vav is an intricately designed step well built in the 11th century by Queen Udayamati, wife of Bhima-I of the Chalukya (Solanki) Dynasty. It was during the reign of Bhima I (Bhimadeva) that Muslim invader Mahmud Ghazni overran Gujarat and plundered the great temple of Somanath.
That Bhimadeva’s queen Udaymati caused this step-well to be built has been referred to in a text named Prabandhachintamani, written by the Jain scholar Merutunda, in 1304 AD. In 1986, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) had carried out excavation of this stepwell. An image of Udayamati was recovered during the excavation.
Rani ki Vav was declared a UNESCO's World Heritage Site in 2014.
Located at Lepakshi in the Sri Sathya Sai district of Andhra Pradesh, the 16th century Veerabhadra temple is a famous shrine built by Virupanna, a governor under the Vijayanagar Empire during the reign of Achyuta Deva Raya.
.jpg)
Executed in the Vijayanagar style, the temple, dedicated to the Virabhadra, a form of the god Shiva, is known for the monolithic statue of Nandi, the largest in the country.
.jpg)
Sembiyan Mahadevi was the mother of Uttama Chola who had become the Chola ruler in 973 after the death of the incumbent Chola monarch Parantaka Chola II who succeeded his father Arinjaya who became the ruler after the death of his brother Gandaraditya.
Sembiyan Mahadevi was instrumental in constructing many temples in South India including the Umamaheswarar at Konerirajapuram, 30min drive from Kumbakonam In Tamil Nadu. Umamaheswarar temple has been the famous abode of Lord Nataraja.
Q.1. Jahangir's eldest son Khusrau was forced to watch as his supporters were put to death by ____________on the Chandni Chowk street in Delhi.
(A) Crucifixion
(B) Boiling
(C) Hanging
(D) Impalement
Khusrau was the eldest son of the fourth Mughal emperor Jahangir. With the support of the powerful nobles Khusrau eyed the Mughal throne and unfurled a banner of rebellion against his father. After the death of his grandfather, Akbar, in 1605, he was imprisoned in Agra Fort by Jahangir who had succeeded Akbar as the Mughal emperor.
However, though he managed to escape, he was defeated by the Mughal forces in 1606. He was taken to Delhi where he was paraded down Chandni Chowk on an elephant while his supporters were impaled on stakes through their bowels.
Khusrau was later blinded and was forced into the custody of his brother Khurram (future Shah Jahan) who eventually strangled him at Burhanpur in 1621. (The official cause of his death was colic.)
On the orders of Jahangir, Khusrau was buried in a tomb adjoining his mother's in a garden in Allahabad (now Prayagraj), now called Khusrau Bagh.
(A) Rajaditya Chola
(B) Aditya Karikala, alias Aditya II,
(C) Rajendra Chola
(C) Parantaka I
Answer: A
Parantaka I ascended the Chola throne in 907 and ruled for forty-eight years till 955. In 949 he suffered defeat at the hands of Rshtrakuta king Krishna III in the battle of Takkolam. Rajaditya, eldest son of Parantaka I, lost his life in the battle when a well-aimed arrow by Butuga II (Western Ganga king and brother-in-law of Krishna III) struck him while he was on an elephant back. After his success in the battle, Krishna III adopted the title of ‘Conqueror of Kanchi (Kanchipuram) and Thanjai (Thanjavur)’.
Rajaditya earned the title ‘Yanaimel Thunjiya Devar’ (The king who died on the back of an elephant) in the Chola inscriptions at Kumbakonam and Thirunageswaram.
Veeranam Lake, located in Cudadalore district of Tamil Nadu, was constructed by Rajaditya Chola.
Q. 1.- Where are the ruins of Vijayanagar empire found ?
(A) Bijapur
(B) Bidar
(C) Golconda
(D) Hampi
Q. 2.- Lotus Mahal is an important monument in___
(A) Pattadakal
(B) Hampi
(C) Badami
(D) Aihole
Q.3.- Which among the following was the single biggest item of import to the Vijayanagar empire?
(A) Cotton and silk clothes
(B) Spices
(C) Horses
(D) Sugar
Q.4.- Who was the most famous ruler of the Vijayanagar Empire?
(A) Krishnadeva Raya
(B) Harihara II,
(C) Sadasiva Raya
(D) Deva Raya
Q.5, - Who was the author of Madhura Vijayam?
(A) Shilabhattarika
(B) Gangadevi
(C) Tirumalamba
(D) Vijjika
Answer
Q.1- D
The nucleus of the Vijayanagar kingdom was the city of Vijayanagar, identified with present day Hampi (located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River) in Karnataka.
Q.2- B
Lotus Mahal or Chitrangini Mahal is an important structure in Hampi.
Q.3- C
Horses was the single biggest item of import to the Vijayanagar empire.
Q.4. - A
One of the greatest kings of India, Krishnadeva Raya raised the Hindu power of Vijayanagar to the zenith of its prosperity and glory.
Q.5. - B
Gangadevi was a 14th-century princess and Sanskrit-language poet of the Vijayanagara Empire of present-day India.She was the wife of Veera kampana, son of the Vijayanagara ruler Bukka Raya I (c. 1360s-1370s).
Madhurā Vijayam was written by the poet Gangadevi.
Madhurā Vijayam is also named Vira Kamparaya Charitham by the poet. It chronicles the life of Kumara Kampana. The poem describes in detail, the conquest of the Madurai Sultanate by the Vijayanagara Empire
Gangadevi is a key inspiration for Pampa Kampana, the protagonist of Salman Rushdie's novel Victory City.
Q.1. Which Satavahana ruler had authored Gathasaptashati?
[A] Gautamiputra Satkarni
[B] Simuka
[C] Pulumayi
[D] Hala
Q.2. The famous book ‘Brihatkatha’ written in Paishachi language was composed by __?
[A] Subandhu
[B] Guṇāḍhya
[C] Somadeva
[D] Kshemendra
Q.3. With whom is Nashik Inscription associated?
[A] Samudragupta
[B] Rudradaman
[C] Gautamiputra Satakarni
[D] Ashoka
Answer:
Q.1. - D
Hāla was a Satavahana king who is traditionally assigned the authorship of Saptasataka (Seven Hundred) or Gathasaptashati, the most important literary work in Prakrit. Written in the Arya metre, Saptasataka is a collection of self contained stanzas full of beauty.
Q.2. - B
Brihatkatha is a book written by Gunadhya. Gunadhya was a scholar in the court of Satvahana King Hala. Brihat Katha is written in Paisachi language.
Q. 3. - C
Nashik prashasti inscription was issued by Gautami Balashri, the mother of Gautamiputra Satakarni. Gautamiputra Satakarni was the greatest ruler of Satavahana Dynasty
Q.1. The Mauryan Emperor Asoka is said to have founded the famous city of______?
(A) Takshashila
(B) Vaishali
(C) Pataliputra
(D) Srinagar
Q.2. Consider the statements regarding Buddhist councils
1.The First Buddhist council was convened in Vaishali
2. First Buddhist Council was convened under the patronage of King Ajatasatru of the Haryanka dynasty.
3. Ashvaghosha, who was part of the fourth Buddhist Council, had written Buddhacharita.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) both 1 and 3
(B) both 2 and 3
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Answer
Q.1.- D
Q. 2- B
Q.1. In ancient India the only Mahajanapada to be located in south India was
(A) Kamboja
(B) Asmaka
(C) Matsya
(D) Surasena
Q.2. The capital of Panchala Mahajanapada was Ahichatra which is in the state of
(A) Bihar
(B) Punjab
(C) Uttar Pradesh
(D) Gujarat
Q.3. Which of the following Kingdoms were associated with the life of the Buddha?
(1) Gandhara
(2) Avanti
(3) Magadha
(4) Kosala
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(A) 1, 2 and 3
(B) 2 and 4
(C) 3 and 4
(D) 1, 3 and 4
Q.4. Which among the following was the capital of Mahajanapada of Vatsa?
(A) Kausambi
(B) Viratnagar
(C) Kusinara
(D) Rajapura
Q.5. Which of the following Buddhist text has referred to the existence of the 16 Mahajanapadas on the sixth century BC?
(A) Khuddaka Nikaya
(B) Anguttara Nikaya
(C) Sutta Piṭaka
Answer
Q. 1. - B
Asmaka or Assaka is one of the 16 Janapadas that existed in the sixth century BC in ancient India. It included areas in present-day Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Maharashtra.
The capital of the Assaka was Potana or Potali. It is identified with present-day Bodhan in Telangana.
The ancient Assaka janapada was located along the Godavari river
Q.2. - C
Capital of Panchala was Ahichatra (also known as Adhichhatra and Chhatravati, near present-day Aonla) tehsil of Bareilly district in Uttar Pradesh.
Q.3. - C
A large number of Buddha's sermons were delivered in Sravasti which served as the ancient capital of Kosala during the reign of king Presenajit.
Q. 4. - A
The capital of Vatsa Mahajanapada was the city of Kauśāmbī or Kosāmbī, on the Yamunā river.
Q. 5. - B
Angutara Nikaya, a Buddhist Pali scripture mentions 16 great kingdoms or Mahajanapadas at the beginning of the 6th century BCE in India.
Q.1. Ajivika sect was founded by which of the following?
(A) Ajita Kesakambalin
(B) Pūraṇa Kassapa,
(C) Makkhali Gosala
(D) Nigaṇṭha Nāṭaputta
Q.2. Which among the following rulers is associated with the Sudama Caves in Bihar?
(A) Chandragupta Maurya
(B) Bimbisara
(C) Bindusara
(D) Ashoka
Q.3. "As long as he lives a man should live happily
And drink ghee, though he run into debt,
For when the body is turned to ashes
How can there be any return to life?”
This rejection of after-life is an aphorism of which of the following sects?
(A). Kapalika sect.
(B) Sunyavada of Nagarjun
(C) Ajivikas.
(D) Charvakas
Q.1. Answer: C
Notes: Ajivikas were a religious sect founded in the 5th century BC by Goshala Maskariputra (Makkhali Gosala), a contemporary of the Buddha and Mahavir.
Q.2. Answer: D
Notes: The 3rd century BC Mauryan emperor Ashoka had dedicated the Sudama cave as evidenced in Brahmi featuring his protocol name (Priyadarsin who brings joy) found at the cave entrance.
Ashoka had dedicated the caves of Sudama to the "Ajivikas" in the 12th year of his reign.
Q.3. Answer: D
Notes: Charvaka is an ancient Indian philosophical system which propounded materialism and rejected the notions of an afterlife. According to the Charvaka school of thought, all religious observance and morality were useless. The school encouraged making most of the life and seeking after the happiness that can be found in life.
(A) Spam
(B) Phishing
(c) Vishing
(D) Spear phishing
Q. 2. Machine learning is a subset of which of the following.
(A) Deep learning
(B) Data learning
(C) Artificial intelligence
(D) None of the above
Q. 3. What is the term used when a cybercriminal sends a fraudulent email disguised as being from a legitimate, trusted source?
(A) Trojan
(B) vishing
(C) Phishing
(D) backdoor
Q. 4. Who is the father of Machine Learning?
(A) Geoffrey Everest Hinton
(B) Howard Hinton
(C) George Everest
(D) Colin Clarkf
Q. 5.Personal Identifiable Information (PII) is used to distinguish one person from another and verify your identity. Which of the following is an example of PII?
(A) ID Number
(B) Date of Birth
(C) Home Address
(D) All of the answers are correct
Q. 6.Who is responsible for information security within your company?
(A) IT Security Department
(B) Everyone in the Company
(C) IT Department
(D) Top Management
Q. 7. Tailgating is a form of social engineering that allows hackers to:
(A) Watch company’s main gate
(B) Get unauthorized access to restricted area
(C) Watch employees as they leave gates
(D) Follow employee after work
Q. 8. Which one of the following can protect a computer from the risk of unwanted emails?
(A) Anti-Spam Software
(B) Anti-Virus Software
(C) Anti-Spyware Software
(D) PC Diagnostic Software
Q. 9. If you want to share a password with someone, what's the best option?
(A) Tell it via the phone
(B) Send a text message
(C) Send it via email
(D) None of the above
Q. 10. Which one of the following describes why firewalls are used?
(A) To prevent unauthorised access by incoming transmissions.
(B) To prevent destruction of a computer in the event of a fire.
(C) To enable easy downloading of data from web sites
(D) To detect and disable viruses already on a computer.
Answers
Q.1. Answer: D
Notes: Spear phishing is a phishing method that targets specific persons or targets.
Spear Phishing occurs when a malicious party obtains information about the targeted individuals from websites or social networking sites and customize a phishing scheme to them
Q.2. Answer: C
Notes: Deep learning is a subset of machine learning, and machine learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence.
Q.3. Answer: C
Notes: Phishing is an email used by cybercriminals who create fraudulent messages that are meant to lure a user into either revealing sensitive or confidential information or installing malware.
Q.4. Answer: A
Notes: Geoffrey Everest Hinton is the father of Machine Learning.
Q.5. Answer: D
Notes: Personally identifiable information (PII) is any data that is used to identify a specific individual. All information that directly or indirectly links to a person is considered PII. One's name, email address, phone number, bank account number, and government-issued ID number are all examples of PII.
Q.6. Answer: B
Notes: Everyone bears the responsibility for information security in an organization?
Q.7. Answer: B
Notes: In information security, tailgating is a social engineering technique used by hackers to deceive organization's officials through direct speech or actions in order to gain access into restricted areas. An example of tailgating is when one person tags along with an authorized employee to access a building or pass a certain checkpoint.
Q.8. Answer: A
Notes: Anti-Spam Software has the potential of protecting your computer from the risk of unwanted emails.
Q.9. Answer: D
Notes: A password is personal data which shouldn't be shared with others.
Q.9. Answer: A
Notes: Firewalls are used to prevent unauthorised access by incoming transmissions.
Q.1. Which of the following tribal assemblies completely disappeared during the later Vedic Period?
1. Sabha
2. Samiti
3. Vidhata
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 1 and 2
(C) Only 2 and 3
(D) Only 3
Q.2. On the bank of which river the Battle of Ten Kings (Dasrajan Yudha), referred to in the Rig Veda, was fought?
(A) Parushni
(B) Vitasta
(C) Vipasa
(D) Asikni
Q.3. In which among the following sacrifices, the sacrificial materials used was sura in Vedic Era?
A. Agnistoma
B. Rajasuya
C. Sautramani
D. Vajapeya
Q.4. The number of hymns (suktas) Rig Veda contains are __.
(A) 1124
(B) 1028
(C) 1149
(D) 1024
Q.5. How many Mandalas were in Rig Vedic Samhita?
(A) 10
(B) 11
(C) 12
(D) 13
Answers:
Q. 1. - D
In later Vedic Period the Rig Vedic assemblies lost importance and royal power increased. The vidatha completely disappeared; the sabha and samiti continued to exist with changed character.
Q. 2. - A
The Battle of Ten Kings (Dasrajan Yudha), referred to in the Rig Veda, was fought on the bank of the Parushni river (modern Ravi River). This battle pitted the Bharata tribe, led by Sudas, against a coalition of ten other tribes.
Q. 3. - A
Agnistoma. In the Vedic Era, the sacrificial material used was "sura" in the Agnistoma sacrifice.
Q.4. - B
Rig Veda consists of 1028 hymns grouped into ten books (mandalas) distributed over 10 chapters known as mandalas. These hymns are addressed to different Gods that included Agni, Indra, Agni and Soma.
Rig Veda is organized in ten "books", or maṇḍalas ("circles"). The first and the tenth mandalas are the youngest. The ninth mandala is entirely dedicated to Soma and the Soma ritual.
Q. 1. Who among the following was the founder of Rashtrakuta dynasty ?
(A) Dantidurga
(B) Krishna I
(C) Krishna II
(D) Amoghavarsha
Q. 2. Kailasanatha Temple at Ellora was built by
(A) Krishna I
(B) Krishna II
(C) Mahendravarman I
(D) Vishnuvardhana II
Q. 3. Manyakheta (modern Malkhed in Gulbarga (modern Kalaburagi) district in Karnataka) was the capital of the Rasstrakuta dynasty. Which Rashtrakuta ruler transferred regnal capital from Mayurkhandi (in the Bidar district of Karnataka) to Manyakheta.
(A) Govinda II
(B) Indra III
(C) Amoghavarsha I (r. 814 – 878 CE)
(D) Amoghavarsha II (r. 929–930 CE)
Q. 4. Which of the following languages was the mother tongue of Rashtrakutas?
(A) Tamil
(B) Telgu
(C) Malayalam
(D) Kannad
Q. 5. At the court of which Rashtraluta ruler did Halayudha, author of ancient Sanskrit text Kavirahasya, reside?
(A) Govinda II
(B) Indra III
(C) Amoghavarsha
(D) Krishna III
Answers
Q. 1. - A
The Rashtrakuta kingdom was founded by Dantidurga or Dantivarman who overthrew the Chalukya dynasty about 753.
Q. 2. - A
Kailasnatha Temple, the crowning achievement of Ellora, was excavated on the instructions of Krishna I.
Q. 3. - C
Amoghavarsha I moved the Rashtrakuta regnal capital from Mayurkhandi in the present-day Bidar district to Manyakheta in the present-day Kalaburagi district in the modern Karnataka state.
Q. 4. - D
Rashtrakuta's Amoghavarsha I was an accomplished poet and scholar. He wrote the Kavirajamarga, the earliest extant literary work in Kannada.
Q. 5. - D
Halayudha, the author of Kavirahasya, resided at the court of Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna III. He wrote Kavirahasya during Krishna III's reign. The work Kavirahasya eulogized Krishna III.
Q.1.- Who is the founder of Vikramshila University?
(A) Chandragupta II
(B) Harshavardhana
(C) Samudragupta
(D) Dharampala
Q.2. - Which Pala ruler is said to have granted 5 villages for the upkeep of a Buddhist monastery commissioned by Balaputradeva, the king of Sumatra and Java, at Nalanda.
(A) Gopala
(B) Dharampala
(C) Devapala
(D) Mahipala
Q.3. - Which Pala ruler was elected by the public?
(A) Gopala
(B) Devapala
(C) Narayanapala
(D) Mahendrapala
Q.4. - Which region of India was ruled by the Pala Dynasty?
(A) Karnataka
(B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) Maharashtra
(D) Bihar and Bengal
Q.5. Somapura Mahavihara, built by Pala ruler Dharampala, is located in which country?
(A) Bangladesh
(B) Mayanmar
(C) Pakistan
(D) India
Answers
1- (D)
Pala ruler Dharampala (r. 770- c.810) had built the famous monastery of Vikramshila (in the Bhagalpur district of Bihar).
2- (C)
Devapala (ruled from 815 to 855 AD.), the most powerful Pala ruler, was in diplomatic contact with the Sailendra kings of Sumatra. He is said to have granted 5 villages, as requested by Balaputradeva, the king of Sumatra and Java, for the upkeep of a Buddhist monastery commissioned by the latter at Nalanda. His reign may be dated from 815 to 855 AD.
3- (A)
The first king of Pala dynasty was Gopala who was chosen (grahita) as king by the people.
There are instances when rulers were chosen by the people, ministers and nobles in ancient India. Harsha was invited by the nobles of Kannauj to assume the throne when Grahavarman died childless.
The appointment of the boy Nandivarman (735-797) as the Pallava ruler of Kanchi by an assembly of nobles and ministers is another case in point.
He was chosen by an assembly of nobles and ministers to ascend the throne as the previous Pallava monarch Paramesvaravarman II died issueless.
4- (D)
Pala dynasty ruled regions of Bengal and Bihar for about four centuries from the middle of the 8th century until the end of the 12th century.
5.- (A)
Now in the Naogaon district of Bangladesh, Somapura Mahavihara is one of the famous Buddhist monasteries in ancient India. Located at the Paharpur archaeological site in the Naogaon district of Bangladesh, Somapura Mahavihara was built by the second Pala ruler Dharmapala (r. 770- c.810). The Pala rulers were great patrons of Buddhism and built several monasteries.
Q.1. - Which of the following was the much talked about river in the Rig Veda?
(A) Sindhu
(B) Ganga
(C) Yamuna
(D) Godavari
Q.2. - The early Vedic god Indra was the god of
(A) Fire
(B) Wind
(C) Rain and Thunder
(D) None of the above
Q.3. - Gayatri Mantra has been taken from which Veda?
(A) Samveda
(B) Rigveda
(C) Atharva Veda
(D) Yajur Veda
Q.4. - Mundaka Upanishad and Prashna Upanishad were part of which Veda?
(A) Yajurveda
(B) Samveda
(C) Atharva Veda
(D) Rig Veda
Q.5. - The term Gotra was first used in_?
(A) Rig Veda
(B) Sam Veda
(C) Yajur Veda
(D) Atharva Veda
Answer
Q.1.- A
Sindhu river or Indus River has been mentioned in the Rig Veda.
Q.2.- C
Indra is one of the main gods of the Rigveda. He was known as the protector of cows and priests in the Vedic religion. Indra brought rain as god of the thunderbolt.
Q.3.- B
The Gayatri Mantra first appeared in the Rig Veda
Q.4.- C
Atharva Veda comprises three fundamental Upanishads – Mundaka Upanishad, Mandukya Upanishad, and Prashna Upanishad.
Q.5.- A
The term Gotra first appeared in the Rig Veda where it is used to refer to cattle sheds.
Q.1. Which of the following was the leading disciple of Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti?] Iltutmish?
[A] Ahmad Sirhindi
[B] Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki
[C] Nizamuddin Auliya
[D] Fariduddin Ganj-i- Shakar
Q. 2. Alauddin Khilji attacked and captured Chittorgarh in Mewar (in Rajasthan) in 1303 AD and changed its name to
[A] Khizrabad
[B] Shadiabad
Q. 4. Who among the following led a military expedition campaign to Warangal in 1309?
[A] Mohmmad bin Tuglaq
[C] Malik Kafur
[D] Khusrav Khan
Q.5. Bahmani Sultanate was established during the period of which Sultan of Delhi Sultanate?
[A] Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
[B] Mohammed bin Tughlaq
[C] Firoj Shah Tughlaq
Answer
Q.1- [B]
Muinud-din-Chisti was the founder of the Chisti Sufi order in India. Headquartered in Ajmer in Rajasthan, Chisti Sufi order attracted devotees from both Muslims and Hindus and continue to do so. Moinuddin Chishti came from Sistan with the Muslim invasion, eventually arriving in Ajmer where he died in 1236.
Disciples of Moinuddin Chisti
Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki
The most important disciple of Moinuddin Chisti, Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki popularized the Chisti order in Delhi. He had come to Delhi some time after 1221. He died in 1235. His tomb is in Mehrauli in Delhi and it is said that Qutub Minar takes its name from this Sufi saint.
Hamiduddin Nagauri
Another prominent disciple of Moinuddin Chisti, Hamiduddin Nagauri was instrumental in initiating Chisti order in Nagaur in Rajasthan.
Q. 2 - [A]
Alauddin attacked Chittor, the capital of the powerful kingdom of Mewar, in 1303. After the subjugation of Mewar army, Chittor was captured and named Khizrabad, after the name of Alauddin’s eldest son Khizr Khan.
Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s idiosyncratic behaviour had earned him several epithets including “Mixture of opposites”.
Q. 3- [B]
Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s idiosyncratic behaviour had earned him several epithets including “Mixture of opposites”.
Q. 4. - [C]
Malik Kafur had defeated Kakatiya King Pratap Rudra Deva II in 1309-10. Warangal was the capital of Kakatiya dynasty.
Q.5- B - In 1347 AD, the Bahmani kingdom was founded by Hasan Gangu. During the reign of Sultan Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq, new kingdoms came into being in south India and the Deccan like Vijayanagara Empire and the Bahmani kingdom.
One of the most written-about and photographed of the monuments in the world, the Hawa Mahal ( Palace of Winds) was built in 1799 by Sawai ...
%20Manuscript.jpg)