Indian History

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 1910 -  Nobel laureate physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was born  on 19 October 1910 in Lahore , then in Undivided India (Now in Pakistan). He had made a groundbreaking discovery: Starts having a mass more than 1.44 times that of the Sun cannot survive, they collapse. This is famously called the Chandrasekhar Limit . He was honoured with the Nobel Prize in the year 1983 . Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was the nephew of Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman , popularly Known as C V Raman , who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930. 

320 – Chandragupta I is officially crowned as the first Gupta Emperor on 26 February in 320 AD.   1966 - Death of Vinayak Damodar Savarka r on 26 February 1966. Popularly known as Veer Savarkar, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was a great revolutionary and later on a leader of the Hindu Mahasabha.  Savarkar was born on 28 May 1883 to a Marathi Hindu Chitpavan Brahmin family to Damodar and Radhabai Savarkar in Bhagur in the Nashik district in Maharashtra. He had three other siblings: two brothers, Ganesh and Narayan, and a sister named Mainabai.  In 1899 he established the first revolutionary society the Mitra Mela (Friends Association) , which was named as the Abhinav Bharat Society (New India Society) in 1904.  In 1906  Savarka r  went to England and became a member of the revolutionary group led by Shyamji Krishna Varma . On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Revolt of 1857, he wrote a famous book in which he called the Revolt the First war of Indian ...

1630 - Birth of Shivaji. Founder of the Maratha kingdom in 17th-century, Shivaji was born in the hill-fort of Shivneri near Junnar (in the Pune district of Maharashtra) on February 19, 1630. However, according to one school of thought, he was born in 1627. 1915 -   Death of Gopal Krishna Gokhale on   19 February in 1915 . Born on   9 May in 1866 , Gopal Krishna Gokhale was an Indian freedom fighter and political guru of Mahatma Gandhi. He was the president of the Benares session of Indian National Congress in 1905. In that year he had founded Servants of India Society. Ridiculing the idea of Swaraj in 1903, Gopal Krishna Gokhale had said "Only mad men outside lunatic asylums could think or talk of independence" In  1907 , the Congress had been divided into two factions in the Surat session. While the moderate faction was headed by Gopal Krishna Gokhale,  Bal Gangadhar Tilak  was the leader of the extremist group. Gopal Krishna Gokhale was also a mentor...

1884 -   Death of Keshub Chandra Sen, an Indian philosopher and social reformer, on 8th January, 1884.  Keshub Chandra Sen became a member of the Brahmo Samaj in 1857.   The first schism in the  Brahmo Samaj  raised its head  in 1866 when Debendranath Tagore , one of the founding members of the Brahmo movement, and Keshub Chandra Sen parted ways on the issue of integrating elements of Christianity, advocated by the latter.  On November 11, 1866  Keshub Chandra Sen  established his own breakaway " Bharatvarshiya Brahmo Samaj "(Brahmo Samaj of India). The branch led by Tagore came to be called as Adi Brahmo Samaj. Keshub Chandra Sen wrote articles for a journal named Indian Mirror which was started in 1861. In 1867, he helped Atmaram Pandurang establish the Prarthana Samaj in Bombay.  Keshav Chandra Sen also established the Indian Reform Association. Keshub Chandra Sen: A Biography Born to a respectable family in Calcutta on 19 Novem...

1738 -  Peshwa Bajirao and Nizam of Hyderabad signed a peace treaty on January 7, 1738 following the Maratha triumph at the Battle of Bhopal which was fought on 24 December 1737.  The Battle of Bhopal took place in Doraha near Bhopal between the Maratha Confederacy and the combined armies of the Mughal chiefs, Nizam-ul-Mulk(Asaf Jah I, first Nizam of Hyderabad), Rajput kingdoms and the Oudh State.

1316 - Death of Alauddin Khilji on 4 January 1316. 1931 - Death of Muhammad Ali Jauhar Khan (10 December 1878 – 4 January 1931), one of the founders of All-India Muslim League and a leading figure of the Khilafat Movement. Muhammad Ali Jauhar was poet and journalist. He had started an English newspaper called “The Comrade”.  1948 - Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, gained independence from Britain on 4 January 1948. 

1878 - Mannathu Padmanabhan, social reformer and freedom fighter from Kerala, was born on 2nd January 1878 in Perunna, Kottayam district of Kerala. He was the founder of the Nair Service Society (NSS). He participated in the Vaikom (1924–25) and Guruvayoor (1931) temple-entry Satyagrahas and the anti-untouchability movements.  1954 – India establishes its highest civilian awards, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan. They were instituted on 2nd January.  The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were: C. Rajagopalachari (last Governor-General of India and founded the Swatantra Party),  Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Nobel laureate C. V. Raman. They were honoured in 1954. The first recipients of the Padma Vibhushan award were Satyendra Nath Bose, Nand Lal Bose, Zakir Husain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, and V. K. Krishna Menon, who were honoured in 1954. 

  December 29, 1844 Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee or Umesh Chandra Banerjee, the first president of Indian National Congress in 1885, is born in Calcutta. He was also the first Indian to fight the election to British Parliament.