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Purushottam Das Tandon

During the British colonial period, English acquired an increasingly important position in India, particularly in administration, education and public life. Even after India attained independence in 1947, the question of the status of Hindi and its place among the country’s official languages remained a contentious issue. Against this backdrop, Purushottam Das Tandon, popularly known as Rajarshi, is remembered for his prominent role in advocating Hindi and promoting its use in public life.

Tandon’s strong advocacy of Hindi and the Devanagari script sometimes drew criticism from his opponents, some of whom accused him of being communal and chauvinistic. However, his contribution to the promotion of Hindi was significant. He was a leading advocate of Hindi in the debates over India’s language policy during the freedom struggle and the early years of independence.

During his student days he joined Indian National congress in 1899. After being expelled from Muir Central College of the Allahabad University for his revolutionary activities, he completed his studies in 1903 from a different college in Allahabad. He was one of the members of Congress Party Committee formed to look into the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Responding to the call of Mahatma Gandhi, he joined the freedom struggle by giving up his law practice in 1921. 

In 1946, Purushottam Das Tandon was elected to the Constituent Assembly that drafted the Indian constitution. He had served as the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh. 

Though Tandon contested unsuccessfully against Pattabhi Sitaramayya for the position of the President of Congress in 1948 but was able to defeat Jivatram Bhagwandas Kripalani popularly known as Acharya Kriplani, in 1950 to be the president of Nashik session. Jawaharlal Nehru was opposed to the candidacy of Tandon and he even threatened to resign. During his tenure there was a lack of co-ordination between the party and the government. Since then it has been the norm in the Congress party to have the same person as the president and head of the government or at least a pliable candidate for the post of either of the two. Purushottam Das Tandon won the Lok Sabha poll in 1952 and went to the Rajya Sabha in 1956.

In 1961, Purushottam Das Tandon was awarded Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award. He breathed his last on 1st July 1962.

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