Pawapuri Where the 24th Mahavir Breathed his last

Located in the state of Bihar, Pawapuri has existed as a place of spirituality for many centuries, and remains one of the most sacred sites of Jainism. Pawapuri’s claim to fame lies in being the place where the twenty fourth Tirthankar (Ford-maker) Mahavir breathed his last in 527 BC.

According to a legend, the present tank in Pawapuri came into being as a result of removal of the soil following the great demand for Mahavir’s ashes after his cremation by his devotees.

Today “Jalmandir”, a beautiful temple of white marble in the centre of the tank, is a magnet for devotees and tourists.

 Sights to See

Jal Mandir / Image Credit

 Jalmandir

The focal point of any visit to Pawapuri is the Jalmandir, the pilgrimage destination of the Jaina religion. Located in the middle of a pool, Jalmandir is one of the holiest shrines in Jainism. It is the place where Mahavir was cremated. It is no wonder that the temple is a major pilgrimage destination for Jains from all over the world, as well as an increasingly popular tourist attraction. Pilgrims reach the Jalmandir by a 600 feet long stone bridge that juts out from the shore of the pool.

Samosharan

The well-known Jaina site of Samosharan is deservedly a tourist attraction in Pawapuri not to be missed. The place is home to a beautiful temple of white marble. It’s the place where Mahavira delivered his sermon after getting full enlightenment. Samosharan has long since been a place for religious pilgrimage.

Sri Bhramaramba Mallikarjunaswamy Temple, Srisailam

Sri Mallikarjuna Swami and Sri Bhramaramba Devi / Image Source 

Located on the southern banks of the Krishna River in Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh,  Srisailam is a sacred destination of top order for the Hindus. 

The place is home to the famous Sri Bhramaramba Mallikarjunaswamy Temple, one of the Dwadasa Jyotirlinga shrines in India. What makes Srisailam unique the presence of Goddess Bhramaramba Devi, the consort of Lord Shiva, in the temple. 

The great 8th-century religious leader Adi Shankara, also known as Adi Shankaracharya, is said to have visited this shrine and composed his immortal Sivananda Lahiri here.

Ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur

Guru Tegh Bahadur was the ninth Guru of the Sikh religion. He was beheaded on the orders of the sixth Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb on 24 November 1675 in Delhi.

Born to Guru Hargobind and Mata Nanaki on 1 April 1621 in Amritsar Guru Tegh Bahadur was named Tyaga Mal at birth. Guru Hargobind was the sixth Sikh Guru.

Guru Tegh Bahadur was trained in martial arts, swordsmanship and horse riding. He was married to Gujari in 1633.

Guru Tegh Bahadur travelled far and wide visiting many places in northern India and also Assam and Dhaka, preaching the word of Guru Nanak.

Guru Tegh Bahadur founded the city of Anandpur Sahib in Punjab in 1665.

Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib at Chandni Chowk in Delhi was built in 1783 at the place where he was beheaded.

Guru Tegh Bahadur’s young son Gobind, who was only nine when his father was killed, became the tenth and the last Sikh Guru.

 

Gujarat’s Garba dance Gets UNESCO heritage status

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) has added Gujarat's traditional Garba dance to its 'Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.'

The inclusion of Garba now makes it India’s 15th inscription on the List.

India had nominated Garba for inclusion in the list. Garba is performed across Gujarat and in many other parts of the country for nine days during the festival of Navaratri . The festival is dedicated to the worship of the feminine energy or Shakti. 

The inclusion was made under the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage during the 18th meeting of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage on Tuesday. The meeting is taking place began in Kasane, Botswana from 5 to 9 December 2023.

Apart from ‘Garba of Gujarat,’ some of the new inscriptions include Rickshaws and Rickshaw painting in Dhaka from Bangladesh, Songkran in Thailand, traditional Thai New Year festival from Thailand, Hiragasy, a performing art of the Central Highlands of Madagascar, Junkanoo from the Bahamas, and the Procession and celebrations of Prophet Mohammed's birthday in Sudan, among others. 

India now has 15 intangible cultural heritage elements on the UNESCO list. UNESCO has added Kolkata's Durga Puja to its 'Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. in 2021.  Other Indian entries that were previously inscribed include Ramlila (2008), Yoga (2016) and Kumbh Mela (2017).

In 2017, the Kumbh Mela was accorded this recognition. Yoga was added to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2016, traditional brass and copper craft of Punjab in 2014, Manipur's Sankirtana ritual singing in 2013 and the dance forms of Chhau, Kalbelia and Mudiyettu in 2010.

525th birth anniversary of Mirabai, Great Vaishnavite Saint and Poetess

This year the 525th birth anniversary of Sant Mirabai is being celebrated. Mirabai (also spelt as Meerabai) was a Rajput princess who was one of the greatest saints of the Krishna cult of Vaishnavism in 16th century India. 

Mirabai was the only child of Ratna Singh Rathor of Merta in Rajasthan.  She was born at the village of Kudki (now in the Pali district) in AD 1498. In 1516, she was married to Bhoraj, eldest son of Rana Sanga, the ruler of Mewar with its capital at Chittor. Bhoraj was heir-apparent to Mewar but he died in 1526.  

Mirabai was highly religious from her childhood. Like her grandfather Dudaji and father she was a devotee of Krishna. After her husband’s death she completely addressed herself to the devotion of Krishna. She patronized learned men. Devotees who were drawn from both sexes making a beeline to Mirabai. Consequently, her fame spread far and wide.

However, Mirabai’s religious activities were resented by her in-laws who took exception to the fact that a royal princess would sing and dance before the image of Krishna in full glare of the public. Her choice of Raidas, a leather worker as her spiritual guru, did not go down well with them. Tradition has it that in-laws tried to poison her. As her relation with the Mewar rulers took a turn for the worse, she went to Merta to live with her uncle Biram Deva.

However, when Mal Deva (Maldeo) of Jodhpur seized Merta, Mira undertook a pilgrimage to the sacred city of Dwarka in Gujarat and spent rest of her life as a devotee of Krishna. She died in 1546. 

Mira’s greatness and popularity rest on her many devotional poems and lyrics. She wrote her works in Brajbhasha and partly in Rajasthani. She also wrote some of her verses in Gujarati.

Birsa Munda Birth Anniversary

Birsa Munda was born in Jharkhand on 15th November 1875 into a Munda family. His parents were Sugana Munda and Karmi Hatu. His place of birth is Ulihatu, a village in the Khunti district in Jharkhand.

Birsa converted into a Christian to receive education from the German Mission School .

In 1894, Birsa declared his opposition to the British and the Dikus (outsiders) and thus began the Munda Ulgulan. 

Birsa also started his own religion and proclaimed he was god’s messenger. Many tribal people Mundas, Kharias and Oraons accepted him as their leader. 

Birsa asked the tribal people to keep distance from the Christian missionaries and revert to their traditional ways. He also advocated for the non-payment of taxes.

Birsa was arrested in 1895. Afterv coming from the jail after two years he he resumed his armed struggle by razing police stations, churches, government property and houses of Zamindars.

He was arrested in  1900 from Jamkopai forest in Chakradharpur. He died on June 9th 1900 while lodged at the Ranchi jail. He was only 25. Authorities claimed he died of cholera although this claim is doubted.

After his death, his movement petered out. 

Kozhikode And Gwalior Earn Prestigious Unesco Cities of Literature And Music Status

Kozhikode in Kerala and Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh have been awarded the status of UNESCO City of Literature and City of Music respectivley, joining a club of 350 such cities around the world. These cities in more than a 100 countries represent seven creative fields: Crafts and Folk Art, Design, Film, Gastronomy, Literature, Media Arts, and Music. 

On World Cities Day which falls on October 31, this year 55 cities have joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN). 

Launched in 2004, the UNESCO Creative Cities Network is a network of creative cities working together towards a mission for cultural diversity and sustainable urban development. 

Kozhikode is the first UNESCO City of Literature in India. Gwalior is the birthplace of great musician Tansen.

The newly designated Creative Cities are invited to participate in the 2024 UCCN Annual Conference (July 1-5, 2024) in Braga, Portugal, under the theme "Bringing Youth to the Table for the Next Decade,