Today In Indian History (12th March)

1481- Muhammad Shah III of the Bahmani Empire sacks Kanchi or Kanchipuram temple on March 12, 1481. Other temples of Kanchipuram were looted by Muhammad III along with his minster Mahmud Gawan who confiscated large amounts of gold, silver and precious jewels. 

Today In Indian History (11th March)

1689 - Death of Sambhaji on 11 March 1689. Eldest son of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire, Sambhaji ruled from 1681 to 1689. He was captured, and after cruel torture for more than three weeks by Aurangzeb, he was brutally put to death by the Mughals forces on the instruction of Aurangzeb. He was executed by beheading on 11 March 1689 at Tulapur on the banks of the Bhima river near Pune.

Sambhaji was born at Purandar fort to Shivaji's first wife, Saibai Nimbalkar, who died on 5 September 1659 when he was two years old. 

Today In Indian History (10th March)

1897 - Death of Savitribai Phule on March 10 in 1897. Savitribai Phule was a poet, reformer and educationist. Born on January 3, 1831 in Naigaon in a lowly Mali family in Maharashtra Satara district she was married off at the tender age of 10. Her parents were Lakshmi and Khandoji Nevase Patil. 

Critical of the prevailing Hindu religion and custom Savitribai Phule along with her husband, Jyotirao Phule, established several schools for the uplift of the untouchables and women. 

Savitribai Phule started India’s first school for girls at Pune's Bhide Wada in 1848.

To make the depressed classes conscious of their rights, she and her husband founded the Satya Sodhak Samaj in 1873. 

Savitribai passed away on March 10, 1897.

Her important works include:

• Kavya Phule (“Flowers of Poems”) (published in 1854)

• Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar (published in1892)

• Matushri Savitribai Phulenchi Bhashane Va Gaani

• Jotibanchi Bhashane Vol. 1 to 4 – [Collection of Mahatma Phule’s speeches, edited by Savitribai Phule],

In Savitribai’s honour, the Pune University was renamed the Savitribai Phule Pune University in 2015. 

Key Takeaways

• Savitribai Phule is hailed as the first female teacher in India. 
• Savitribai Phule opposed child marriage, dowry, Sati and child infanticide. She stood for women’s education and widow remarriage. 
• She has been popularly called the ‘Crusader of Gender Justice.’ 
• Along with her husband Jyotirao Phule, Savitribai established two educational trusts in the 1850s. One was called the Native Female School of Pune, and the other was The Society for Promoting the Education of Mahars, Mangs and Etceteras.

1922 – Mahatma Gandhi is arrested on March 10, 1922 in Bombay by the British government on the charge of sedition, and sentenced to six years in prison, only to be released after nearly two years. 

Today In Indian History (9th March)

1285 - Death of Muhammad Khan, eldest son of Slave Sultan Balban, on 9th March in 1285. Balban did not lose sight of the Mongol danger that was lurking in the north-west frontier of the Mamluk kingdom during his rule . 

Balban’s cousin Sher Khan Sunqar was ably defending the frontier. However, Balban grew suspicious of him and got him murdered. His death left the field open for the Mongols to indulge in their incursions of the frontier tracts. After Sher Khan Sunqar prince Muhammad was made governor of Multan to check the Mongol menace. 

Bughra Khan, Balban's second son, was placed in charge of the territories of Samana and Sunam. In 1279 they, together with Malik Mubarak Bektars from Delhi, successfully repulsed the Mongol invasion.

However, in A.D. 1285 Mongols under their leader Tamar invaded Punjab. Muhammad proceeded towards Lahore and Dipalpur and was killed during his fight against the Mongols. He was given the title of Shahid, "the Martyr" and came to be known as Khan-i-Shahid, (the Martyr Prince).

1500 - On the 9th March, 1500, Pedro Alvarez Cabral sailed from Lisbon to India in command of a fleet of thirteen vessels with 1,500 men, becoming the second Portuguese explorer to sail to India after Vasco Da Gama.

Painting of the landing of Cabral's fleet in Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil

After his accidental discovery of Brazil, Cabral landed in Calicut on 13 September, 1500 for the trade of pepper and spices. He established a factory at Calicut.

Today In Indian History (8th March)

1535- Death of Rani Karnavati on 8 March 1535. A princess and temporary ruler from Bundi in  Rajasthan Rani Karnavati, also known as Rani Karmavati, was married to Mewar ruler Rana Sanga (c. 1508–1528). 

Rani Karnavati was grandmother of Maharana Pratap. She served as regent during the minority of her son, from 1527 until 1533. She was as fierce as her husband and defended Chittor, the capital of Mewar, with a small contingent of soldiers until it inevitably fell to the Gujarat army which was led by Bahadur Shah of Gujarat. She refused to flee and performed jauhar to protect her honor.

Today In Indian History (7th March)

1775 - The Treaty of Surat was signed on 7th March in 1775. Under the treaty Raghunath Rao, one of the claimants to the throne of the Peshwa, agreed to cede Salsette and Bassein Fort to the British in consideration of being himself restored to Poona. 

Warren Hastings, the Governor-General of Bengal, disapproved of the Bombay Government’s action and annulled the Treaty of Surat and sent his own agent to negotiate a very different new pact, the Treaty of Purandhar (1776).  

Manasollasa of Someshwara III

Manasollasa is authored by Kalyani Chalukya king Bhulokamalla Someshwara III who ruled from 1126 AD and 1138.

Also known as Abhilasitartha-chintamani (the wish-fulfilling magic stone), this five volume compendium deals with a vast array of topics namely polity, governance, ethics, economics, astronomy, astrology, rhetoric, metallurgy, veterinary medicine, horticulture, perfumes, food, architecture, games, painting, poetry, healing of trees, dance and music.

This 12th century encyclopaedic treatise is written in Sanskrit.