Indian History

Narsimha Mehta was a well-known poet saint of Gujarat in the fifteenth century. His songs which are composed in Gujarati depict the immortal love of Radha and Krishna. These songs form part of the Suratasangrama.  One of Narsi’s bhajans ‘ Vishnava jana to teno kahiye’ was close to Mahatma Gandhi’s heart.

Ahmad Shah was a Mughal ruler whose reign lasted from 1748 to 1754. After the death of his father Muhammad Shah in 1754, he ascended the throne at an age of 22.  He was the son of Udham Bai, a dancing girl of low intellect and dubious character. Though he was a man of 22 at the time of his accession, he is said to have received no education and did not hold any civil or military office ever. A pleasure seeking ruler with debased taste, Ahmad Shah was an illiterate and indulging in sensual pursuits. Spending time with women and eunuchs for weeks, he remained content by entrusting the task of running the state to the queen mother Udham Bai and her shameless paramour and powerful eunuch Javid Khan, who dominated the affairs of the state. Javid Khan was grated the title of Nawab Bahadur and Udham Bai was got the title of Qibla-i-Alam and the rank of 50,000 horses. Her brother Man Khan, a ill-mannered professional dancer, got the title of Mutqat-ud-Daula and the rank of 6,000. During th...

Born at Ajmer in 1615, Dara Shikoh  (also spelt as Dara Shukoh)  was the eldest son of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan and his favourite too. He was appointed his successor to the Mughal empire by Shah Jahan who gave him the title of Shahzada-e-Buland Iqbal  (“Prince of High Fortune”). A pathetic figure in Mughal history, he was slain on the orders of his brother Aurangzeb, the last great Mughal, on the charges of heresy on 30th August 1659.  Dara Shikoh was one the greatest scholars Mughal India had produced. With an excellent command on Arabic, Persian and Sanskrit, he authored several works on Sufi philosophy and has deep interest in mysticism. In 1640 Dara completed Sakinatul Auliya, a compilation of biographical sketches of Muslim saints. In 1657 together with the pandits from Varanasi, he translated the Upanishads into Persian which came to be known as Sirr-e-Akbar (The great secret). The work is considered one of the masterpieces of Persian literature. The Bhagavat ...

He was an Italian traveler whose voluminous memoirs entitled Storio Dor Mogor is one of the most invaluable sources of history of Mughal India. Running away from his hometown Venice at the age of 14 he travelled to Asia Minor and Persia before reaching India in 1653. Manucci, who was a mercenary soldier, joined the services of Dara Shikoh, eldest son of Shah Jahan. He worked as an artilleryman in his army. After the defeat of Dara Shikoh in the war of succession to the Mughal throne by his brother Aurangzeb who put him to death in 1659, Manucci adopted medicine as his profession. Manucci gives an eyewitness account of the Mughal Court.

Abdul Hamid Lahori was a seventeenth century Muslim historian who was also the court chronicle of Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal emperor. He was the author of Padshahnama, same title as that of Amin Qazwini’s book. Also known as Badshahnama , Padshahnama describes the reign of Shah Jahan.

Nur Jahan was a favourite wife of Jahangir, the fourth Mughal Emperor. She was one of very few women who was part of decision making process in the affairs of the Mughal state. She had deep influence on Jahangir who took pride in saying that he had handed her the country in lieu of a cup of wine and few pieces of mutton. She was the first Mghal queen in whose name coins were struck.  Daughter of a Persian immigrant, Mirza Giyas Beg of Teheran, Nur Jahan, born Mehr-un-Nissa, married Jahangir after the death of her first husband Sher Afghan (Ali Quli Istajlu), who was a Mughal officer posted in the province of Bengal. Sher Afghan was killed fighting Kutubuddin, the governor of Bengal, in 1607.  Nur Jahan married Jahangir in 1611.   After her marriage with Jahangir, she came to be known as Nur Mahal ( Light of the Palace) . Five years later she was bestowed the title of  Nur Jahan  ( Light of the Palace)  by the emperor.  The contention of ...

Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi is a famous historical work of Medieval India. Also called Tuhfat-i-Akbar Shahi, it was written by Abbas Khan Sarwani on the instruction of Akbar. The work is useful for knowing more about Sher Shah, the Afghan ruler who defeated Mughal emperor Humayun, father of Akbar. But for his untimely death of Sher Shah who drove Huayun out of India and the weaknesses of his successors, the nascent Mughal empire might have been relegated to the dustbin of history. Sarwani was connected by marriage with family of Sher Shah. Later historians of the Mughal period like Badauni and Nizamu-ddin drew heavily from Sarwani.