1890- Death of anti-caste social reformer Jyotirao Phule on 28 November in 1890 . Also known as Jyotiba Phule, Jyotirao Phule was born in Pune. He had formed the Satyashodhak Samaj (Society of Truth Seekers) to attain equal rights for people from lower castes. Critical of the prevailing Hindu religion and custom, Jyotirao Phule along with her wife, Savitribai Phule, were pioneers of women's education in India and established educational trusts. In 1873 he wrote Gulamgiri , a critique of the caste system. He wrote Shetkaryacha Asud ( The Whipcord of the Cultivators ) in Marathi in 1881 d escribing the plight and poverty of farmers by landlords and Brahmin administrators.
2025 is the 350th martyrdom anniversary of the ninth Sikh guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur. Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded on the orders of the sixth Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1675 in Delhi. Two Sikh Gurus were executed by Mughal Emperors: Guru Arjan Dev was executed by Emperor Jahangir in 1606, and Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by Emperor Aurangzeb in 1675. Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed for refusing to convert to Islam and to defend the religious freedom of Hindus. The supreme sacrifice of Guru Tegh Bahadur had earned him the revered title Hind Di Chadar—the Shield of India. Born to Guru Hargobind and Mata Nanaki on 1 April 1621 in Amritsar Guru Tegh Bahadur was named Tyaga Mal at birth. Guru Hargobind was the sixth Sikh Guru. Guru Tegh Bahadur was trained in martial arts, swordsmanship and horse riding. He was married to Gujari in 1633. Guru Tegh Bahadur travelled far and wide visiting many places in northern India and also Assam and Dhaka, preaching the word of Guru Nanak. Guru Tegh...