Firuz Shah Tughlaq (1309 – 1388 CE) was the third ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty of the famed Delhi Sultanate. He succeeded to the throne in 1351 after the demise of his cousin Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq who had become second Tughlaq sultan in 1325 AD.
The Amboyna Massacre, as it came to be called in England, took place in 1623 in Amboyna, an important clove-producing island in modern-day Indonesia. 10 Englishmen, 10 Japanese, and one Portuguese were executed by the local authorities of Dutch East India Company.
Portuguese were the common enemy of the English and the Dutch when the last two entered the East. However, the commercial rivalry between the English and the Dutch led to the massacre at Amboyna (currently Amboyna).
Spice trade has been very lucrative throughout the history. In the ‘Age of Discovery’ (a period of European overseas exploration from the 15th to 17th century), the European powers - Dutch, Portuguese, English and Spanish, had been in a fierce struggle for supremacy of the spice trade.
The English poet and dramatist John Dryden had written a dram called Amboyna, or the Cruelties of the Dutch to the English Merchants in 1673.
The grandeur of Bishnupur in the Bankura district of West Bengal can be ascertained by the presence of many beautiful temples featuring intricate terracotta ornamentation. Built mostly of brick & at times, of laterite, these magnificent temples are the mute spectator to Bishnupur’s glorious past.
Apart from the terracotta temples, Dalmadal Cannon is another highlight of Bishnupur. This 3.8 m long wrought iron forge welded cannon has a barrel with a diameter of 28.5 cm. Built by expert artisan Jagannath Karmakar, this historical canon with Persian inscriptions is located near Chinnamasta temple in Bishnupur and weighs 11,840 kg.
Tradition has it that Dalmadal Cannon was used by the Malla kings of Bishnupur to repulse the ruthless bargis (Maratha troops) under Maratha leader Bhaskar Pundit sent by Raghoji I Bhonsle of Nagpur in the 18th century. The marauding bands of Maratha cavalry came to be called bargis in Bengal.
Bhaskar Pundit and his twenty two generals were killed by Bengal Nawab Alivardi Khan while the former was plundering the people of Bengal.
Contesting Candidates for Rania Assembly Elections 2024
|
Party |
Candidates |
Votes Polled |
|
|
INLD |
Arjun
Chautala |
43,914 |
|
|
Congress |
Sarva Mitra
Kamboj |
39,723 |
|
|
Independent |
Ranjit Singh
Chautala |
36,401 |
|
|
BJP |
Shishpal
Kamboj |
15,707 |
|
Located in the district of Sirsa, Rania assembly constituency is currently being represented
by Arjun Chautala of the Indian National Lok Dal (INLD) who had defeated his nearest rival Sarva Mitra Kamboj of the Congress by a margin of 4191 votes.
Contesting Candidates for Nuh Assembly Elections 2024
Party | Candidates | Votes Polled | |
| Congress | Aftab Ahmed | 91,883 | |
| INLD | Tahir Hussain | 44,870 |
Located in the district of Mewat, Nuh assembly seat is currently represented by Aftab Ahmed who had defeated his nearest rival Tahir Hussain of Indian National Lok Dal in 2024 Haryana Assembly elections by a margin of 46,963 votes.
Nuh is one of the nine assembly constituencies that unite to create the parliamentary constituency of Gurgoan.
Son of former Haryana minister and Congress leader, Khurshid Ahmed, Aftab Ahmed had also won the seat 2009 and 2019.
Chola ruler Aditya I was the son of Vijayalaya who was a feudatory of the Pallava rulers.
In 879 CE Aditya I joined a confederacy of Pallavas and Western Gangas to defeat the Pandyan ruler Varagunavarman II in the Battle of Sri Purambiyam or Thirupurambiyam near Kumbakonam in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu.
Varagunavarman II lost the battle though Western Ganga king Prithvipati I lost his life in the battle. The confederacy was led by the Pallava king Aparajita.
Prithivipati I was buried in a pallipadai temple in the village of Thirupurambiyam.
Not satisfied with remaining subordinate to the Pallava power, Aditya I now embarked on a campaign to altogether extinguish the Pallava power and killed its last ruler Aparajita in c. 897 CE, bringing the Pallava territory under the Chola dominions.
The Battle of Pullalur was fought between Chalukya king Pulakesin II (Reigned 610-642) and the Pallava king Mahendravarman I resulting in the victory of the former. The battle took place at Pullalur (now in the Kanchipuram district in Tamil Nadu) in about 618–19.
This was the beginning of the long-drawn-out struggle
between the Pallavas and their sworn enemies the Chalukyas of Vatapi (early
western Chalukyas), who ruled north of them. The struggle which became
necessary for the mastery of south India, lingered through the generations.
Who won the Battle of Pullalur is in the realm of debate. Both
sides claim victories.
It seems that though Pulakeshin II won the Battle of Pullalur was not decisive.
